Friday, November 15, 2019
HAWT Technology Research
HAWT Technology Research Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT), are the most commonly used wind turbine.HAWTs have a similar design to a windmill, with blades that look like a propeller, spinning around a horizontal axis.                                  Figure 1 Typical HAWT All the components (blades, shaft, gearbox, generator) are located at the top of the tower. The blades must face into the wind and yaw into position every time the wind direction changes. The shaft axis is horizontal to the ground. The wind hits the blades of the turbine where lift causes rotation. The shaft has a gear on the end coupled to a gearbox which turns a generator. The generator produces electricity and sends this either to power grid or electrical equipment requiring power. The wind turbine also has some key elements that adds to its efficiency. Inside the Nacelle (or head) is an anemometer, wind vane, and controller that read the speed and direction of the wind. As the wind changes direction, a motor (yaw motor) turns the nacelle so the blades are always facing the wind. The power source also comes with a safety feature. In case of extreme winds the turbine has a break that can slow the shaft speed. This is to inhibit any damage to the turbine in extreme conditions. See F igure 2.                Figure 2 Internal components of a typical HAWT The merits of horizontal axis wind turbine over vertical axis wind turbine can be seen in                               Table1 Benefits of HAWTs vs VAWT HAWT VS VAWT NO POWER GENERATION EFFICIENCY HORIZONTAL AXIS VERTICAL AXIS 1 POWER GENERATION EFFICIENCY 50% 60% ABOVE 70% 2 ROTATING SPEED HIGH LOW 3 EFFECT ON BIRDS GREAT SMALL 4 GEAR BOX ABOVE 10KW: YES NO 5 BLADE ROTATION SPACE QUITE LARGE QUITE SMALL     6 NOISE 5-60 Db 0-10 Db 7 STARTING WIND SPEED HIGH(2.5-5m/s) LOW (1.5-3 m/s)  Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade The blade is one of the most important components of a wind turbine. It is required to have the best materials, manufacturing, analysis and testing to endure aerodynamic loads, gravitational loads, inertia loads and operational loads throughout its lifetime. Therefore, the structural design process has a decisive and critical influence on the overall performance of the blade. The structural design of a HAWT blade involves many considerations such as strength, stability, cyclic loading, cost and vibration. Reducing the mass is a key requirement for a successful blade design. A lighter blade will not only exert lower loads on the remaining components of the HAWT, but also reduce the cost. This is a benefit to the entire turbine system, including the support body and the foundation. However, the recent approach results in material layup with high component thicknesses. Blade mass as a result often does not exhibit a satisfactory structural response. There is huge potential to reduce the amount of material used in the blades manufacture to minimise its mass. The process of structural blade optimisation to reduce mass and increase its mechanical properties is an important area of development worthy of in-depth research. Table 1 details various HAWTs and their rotor weights.                   Table 2 Selection of turbine size and weight configurations Turbine Name Pitch or Stall Rotar dia (m) No of Blades Nacelle and Rotor Weight (kg) Weight per Swept Area (kg/m ²) Mitsubishi MWT-1000 (1 MW) P 57 3 unspecified Nordex N90 (2.3 MW) P 90 3 84,500 13.3 Nordex N80 (2.5 MW) P 80 3 80,500 16 Repower 5M (5 MW Siemens P 126 3 unspecified SWT-3.6-107 (3.6 MW) Siemens P 107 3 220,000 24.5 SWT-2.3-93 (2.3 MW P 93 3 142,000 20.9 Gamesa G90-2MW (2 MW P 90 3 106,000 16.7 Gamesa G58-850 (850 kW) P 58 3 35,000 13.3 Enercon E82 (2 MW) P 82 3 unspecified GE wind 3.6sl (3.6 MW) P 111 3 unspecified Vestas V164 (7.0 MW) P 164 3 unspecified Vestas V90 (2 MW) P 90 3 106,000 16.7 Vestas V82 (1.65 MW) P 82 3 95,000 18 Advantages of HAWT over VAWT Axis of Rotation It is the main and biggest difference. As the name states, Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine has its axis of rotation parallel to the ground and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine has its axis of rotation perpendicular to ground. Number of blades working at a time If we take a 3-bladed wind turbine for example, then in a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, all three blades work at once. whilst in a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine only blade works at a time. Working wind direction VAWTs are omni directional and work in all wind directions while HAWTs only works in a specific wind direction and have to yaw to face the wind before they can begin operation. When wind direction changes the stops, and has to yaw into position. Efficiency at a given wind speed Because all the blade of HAWT work at the same time, its efficiency is much greater than the VAWT. REFERENCES Peter J. Schubel * and Richard J. Crossley Faculty of Engineering, Division of Materials, Mechanics and Structures, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Veritas, D.N. Design and Manufacture of Wind Turbine Blades, Offshore and Onshore Turbines; Standard DNV-DS-J102; Det Norske Veritas: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2010. Dolcera.com(online)
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Hindu Death Rituals
There is one thing that is certain in this lifetime that eventually we all must die. A belief in the cyclical reincarnation of the soul is one of the foundations of the Hindu religion. Death is viewed as a natural aspect of life, and there are numerous epic tales, sacred scriptures, and vedic guidance that describe the reason for death's existence, the rituals that should be performed surrounding it, and the many possible destinations of the soul after departure from its earthly existence (Retrieved from http://mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? death on 18th January, 2012).this essay will discuss the rituals performed for the soul of the dead body so it reaches heaven peacefully. Traditionally, a Hindu dies at home. Nowadays the dying is increasingly kept in hospitals, even when recovery is clearly not possible. Once family is certain that a person is taking his last breath, the start to chant mantras such as â€Å"om namoh narayana†. This helps the soul to leave the bod y peacefully. They also put holy ash or sandal paste on the forehead and put few drops of Ganga or holy water in the mouth so that the soul goes to heaven. The first mortal to meet his fate with Death was named Yama.Yama is aided by his two killer guide dogs who keep an eye as to whose life has come to an end. so they take the last breath of that person and take the soul to yama who directs them to their destiny . after the person dies the family member calls a chief priest who performs the rituals of†Homa†which is making afire and chanting mantras and doing offering to the â€Å"Agni Dewata†or fire god. The family gather together to cremate the body. Cremation is a ritual designed to do much more than dispose of the body; it is intended to release the soul from its earthly existence.â€Å"Hindus believe that cremation (compared to burial or outside disintegration) is most spiritually beneficial to the departed soul. †This is based on the belief that the â€Å"astral body†will linger â€Å"as long as the physical body remains visible. †If the body is not cremated, â€Å"the soul remains nearby for days or months†(Retrieved from http://mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? death on 18th January, 2012). The standard cremation ceremony begins with the ritual cleansing, dressing and adorning of the body. The body is then carried to the cremation ground as prayers are chanted to Yama, invoking his aid.It is usually the chief mourner and the eldest son who perform the â€Å"Agni†or fire ceremony. He circumambulates the pyre counterclockwise– for everything is backward at the time of death and lights the pyre. The death now is an offering to Agni. After burning the corpse the chief mourner cracks the skull with a bamboo , thus releasing the soul from entrapment in the body. After cremation a thirteen day ritual is done for the safety of the soul till it reaches heaven. Family read a holy book called Bhagwat Geeta every afternoon for the deceased person..Twelve hours after the cremation, the ashes are thrown into a river, ideally the Ganges river, and the mourners walk away without looking back. On the 3rd, 5th, 7th or 9th day, relatives gather for a meal of the deceased's favorite foods. A portion is offered before his photo and later ceremonially left at an abandoned place, along with some lit camphor. On the 31st day, a memorial service is held. In some traditions it is a repetition of the funeral rites. At home, all thoroughly clean the house. the chief priest than prays for the deceased and his ancestors so their souls can reunite in the next world.This ritual is called sapindikarana. Similar rituals are done after six months and then the last one is an year after death. a priest conducts the shraddha rites in the home, offering pinda to the ancestors. This ceremony is done yearly as long as the sons of the deceased are alive (or for a specified period) Retrieved from http ://mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? death on 18th January, 2012).. In conclusion we can say that Hindu funeral rites can be simple or exceedingly complex. These steps devotedly completed according to the customs, means, and ability of the family, will properly conclude one earthly sojourn of any Hindu soul.Religions such as Hinduism offer our own immortal souls satisfying answers to questions of life and death. Their ancient mythic texts provide real reasons for our existence here on earth. They also demonstrate that death is something that can be prepared for instead of being feared. In addition, they offer the possibility of something to look forward to, so we need not dread our last days on this planet. A true Hindu shall love death as he loves this life (Retrieved from http://mailerindia. com/hindu on 18th January, 2012).
Sunday, November 10, 2019
The Global Hepatitis B Situation Health And Social Care Essay
Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most frequent viral infections around the universe showing a major planetary public wellness job. Nowadays, viral hepatitis is the most prima cause of liver malignant neoplastic disease and the most common ground for liver organ transplant. An estimated 4.4million Americans are populating with chronic hepatitis and largely they do non cognize their infection position. About 80,000 new infections occur each and every twelvemonth [ 1 ] . HBV infection is the tenth prima cause of decease worldwide being resulted in 500 000 to 1.2 million deceases per twelvemonth caused by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma ; the last histories for 320 000 deceases per twelvemonth [ 2, 3 ] . Round about 15-40 % of septic people have to develop cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) [ 4 ] . The incidence of HCC has increased worldwide, and now it is the fifth most frequent malignant neoplastic disease histories for ki lling 300 000-500 000 people each twelvemonth [ 5 ] . Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with end-stage liver disease, the economic load of hepatitis B infection is well high. Harmonizing to one US-based survey of New England wellness attention databases, patients with CHB accounted for an norm of $ 40 512 in costs over 2 old ages for wellness attention services and medicine [ 7, 8 ] . Both direct medical costs and indirect costs from work lost as serious liver jobs develop over a figure of old ages. To cut down planetary HBV-related morbidity and mortality, community base control plan, mass immunisation undertakings and efficacious interventions are indispensable. Although the World Health Organization recommended the executions of mass immunisation plans, since 1991, that decreased the incidence of HBV infection, the prevalence of disease in less developed county among babies, kids, and striplings are still need to take history [ 2 ] . The hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infective than HIV and an of import occupational jeopardy for wellness workers.Hepatitis B in AsiaThe prevalence of HBV infection is well high in South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan state it is assumed that 90 % of 360 million bearers of the virus globally are constituted in lesser developed states. Of the worldaa‚Â ¬a„?s bearers, 75 % are from the Asiatic continent, where between 8 % and 15 % of the population carry the virus. 8-15 % of the Asiatic continent carries the virus which accounts for 75 % of the worldaa‚Â ¬a„?s bearers [ 9 ] . The highest HBV infection among the universe is Asia-Pacific part is, and chronic HBV infection in most of the states of that part is high ( & gt ; 10 % prevalence ) [ 10 ] . The infection rates in babies are really high in Thailand, China and Senegal with the prevalence of HBs Ag in serum may transcend 25 % . About 70-90 % of the population of South-east Asia part becomes HBV infected before the age of 40 and bearers are 8 to 20 % [ 11 ] .Hepatitis B in ThailandHBV infection is hyper-endemic in Thailand and there are estimated 5 million bearers, 1 in every 20 people. Because of the deficiency of consciousness the infection rate is so high and merely 15 % of those bearer people are being treated for the virus. Cancer is the major cause of decease among the Thai population and in 2006 entirely, 62000 deceases were reported [ 12 ] . Harmonizing to one survey conducted in 1986 shows the prevalence of HBV markers in general population varies from 40-60 % and estimated 10-20 % of kids between the ages 1-5 old ages have serologic grounds of HBV infection and this prevalence increases with age making a tableland of 40-60 % by age 20. Approximately 75 % of the babes born to HBsAg & A ; HBeAg positive female parents become HBsAg positive at within three months after bringing. The prevalence of chronic bearer varies from 5-10 % and is highest among age groups 10-30 old ages. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is the first and 3rd most common malignant neoplastic disease among Thai citizens [ 13 ] . One ethno-epidemiological study for the HBV and HCV infections among seven minorities in a multi-ethnic centre, Northern Thailand ( 2002 ) studied for the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections by the usage of atom agglutination trials shows that overall prevalence of HBs-Ag, anti-HBs and anti-HCV in the seven groups was 10.3, 33.0 and 3.8 % , severally. By look intoing the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Thai cultural minorities and demonstrated that HBV was a more common infective agent found in these populations than HCV that showed that HBV and HCV infection are widely spread in rural cultural populations of northern Thailand. A countrywide but community-based epidemiological study is required for the public wellness planning to command their related serious diseases was recommended in this survey [ 14 ] . A cross-sectional survey was conducted for school-age kids who had no history of HBV inoculation in a low socioeconomic community of Din-Daeng, Bangkok, to look into factors associated with the positiveness of HBV seromarkers. The consequences of this survey expressed the prevalence of HBV seromarkers was 24.85 % , the HBsAg bearer rate was 3.64 % , the anti-HBs positive rate was 15.15 % , and the prevalence of merely anti-HBc was 6.06 % . The consequences revealed the associated factors with HBV positiveness were ( a ) kid factors such as kid ‘s age, sex, ear piercing in female, sharing blade during haircutting, contact lesion from other individuals, utilizing wares with other individuals, seeking things in refuse, and ( B ) household factors such as older parent, parentsaa‚Â ¬a„? low instruction position, low household income, low parent ‘s cognition and attitude about HBV infection and inoculation, ( P & lt ; 0.05 ) [ 15 ] .Migrant Workers in ThailandA rec ent molecular epidemiological survey tried to measure the seroprevalence of HBV and its familial variableness among migratory workers in Thailand from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. The survey was conducted to prove HBs Ag and sera were collected from 1,119 Kampuchean, 787 Laotian, and 1,103 Myanmar workers.The consequence of the survey showed the prevalence of HBsAg among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar was 10.8 % , 6.9 % , and 9.7 % , severally. This survey besides revealed that high prevalence of HBV infection ( about 7-11 % ) was found among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar, which may reflect the current seroprevalence in their several states [ 16 ] .Hepatitis B Situation in MyanmarMyanmar is besides regarded as a state with a high endemicity of HBV infection which is considered as an of import wellness issue by studies carried out among different population groups revealed HBsAg bearer rate of 10-12 % . In Myanmar, although there is possibilit y of horizontal transmittal through sharing of toothbrushes and razors and iatrogenic transmittal, the perpendicular path of transmittal might be the commonest path by research surveies [ 17 ] . A big graduated table field survey carried out in the whole state showed the magnitude of hepatitis B infection that 10.4 % of the survey population were constituted by seropositive to hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBs Ag ) [ 18 ] . HBsAg bearer rate of 10-12 % was revealed by subsequent survey conducted among different population groups [ 19 ] .1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Hepatitis B virus: A comprehensive scheme for extinguishing transmittal in the United States through cosmopolitan childhood inoculation: recommendations of the immunisation patterns consultative commission ( ACIP ) . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1991. 40, 1-19. 2. World Health Organization: The World Health Report, 1997, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 3. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. World Health Organization Fact Sheet 204. ( Revised October 2000 ) . 4. Lok, A. , Chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346 ( 22 ) : p. 1682-1683. 5. Parkin, D. , et al. , Estimating the universe malignant neoplastic disease load: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer, 2001. 94 ( 2 ) : p. 153-156. 6. Prevalence Statistics for Types of Hepatitis B. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wrongdiagnosis.com/h/hepatitis_b/prevalence-types.htm 7. Brooks, E. , et al. , Economic rating of 3TC compared with interferon-alpha in the intervention of chronic hepatitis B in the United States. Am J Manag Care, 2001. 7 ( 7 ) : p. 677-682. 8. Rosenberg, D. , S. Cook, and S.E.e. Al, The epidemiology, intervention forms and resource use of hepatitis B patients in a big insured New England population. Pharmcoepidmiol Drug Saf 1998. 7 ( Suppl. 2 ) : p. S132. 9. BF, I.H. , et al. , Global impact of Hepatitis A virus infection. Proceedings of the 1990 International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases. HADLER SC, 1991: p. 14-20, 94-97. 10. Core Working Party for Asia-Pacific Consensus on Hepatitis B and C. Consensus statements on the bar and direction of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the Asia-Pacific part. J Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2000. 15: p. 825-841. 11. Hollinger FB, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B Virus. In: Knipe DM at el. , explosive detection systems. Field Virology. 4th edition erectile dysfunction. 2001, Lippincott William and Wilkins: Philadelphia. 2971-3036. 12. Jason and U. Ratchathani Hepatitis B, non plenty being done. Jun 29 2008. 13. Pramoolsinsap, C. , S. Pukrittayakamee, and V. Desakorn, Hepatitis B job in Thailand. Southeast Asiatic J Trop Med Public Health, 1986. 17 ( 2 ) : p. 219-28. 14. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection in rural cultural populations of Northern Thailand. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2002 February. 24 ( 1 ) : p. 31-35. 15. Luksamijarulkul, P. , P. Maneesri, and L. Kittigul, Hepatitis B Sero-prevalence and Risk Factors Among School-age Children in a Low Socioeconomic Community, Bangkok. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 1995, July. 8 ( 3 ) : p. 158-161. 16. Sa-Nguanmoo, P. , et al. , Molecular epidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar to Thailand. Journal of medical virology, 2010 Aug ; 82 ( 8 ) : . 82 ( 8 ) : p. 1341-9. 17. Khin, M. , Control of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Myanmar: Public Health Issues. Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia Region, 2006. 6 ( 2 ) . 18. Tin, K.M. , T. Htut, and H.M.T. Khin, Prevalence of hepatitis A and B in Burma. Proceedings of the First Conference of Medical Specialities. , 1981: p. 26-31. 19. Khin-Pyone-Kyi and Khin-Maung-Win. . DMR Bulletin, Viral Hepatitis in Myanmar. 1995. 9 ( 2 ) : p. 1-31.
Friday, November 8, 2019
CHILDRENS BOOKS ON DEATH AND DYING essays
CHILDREN'S BOOKS ON DEATH AND DYING essays Selection of five children's books will be made in the paper. To discuss or treat the issue about death and dying the paper will include books from the period of 1980 till the present times. Summary of the information from these five books will be provided in the paper, focusing on the following 1. What understanding or impression would children have of the issue discussed after reading or having the books read to them' 2. Do the books treat the subject in the same way' If not, comment on or compare viewpoints amongst the books.' 3. Perhaps you feel some books are better at dealing with the issue than others. If the book is fiction, comment on your reactions to how the story treats the issue. If the book is nonfiction, how factual and objective is The books will be discussed both in individual and collective form so as to provide a true and fair view of the information which are presented in these books. The consideration and importance of these books will relate to the point as to how the authors of these books have foster better understanding for children regarding the issue of death and dying. The five books, which are selected for the development of the paper, are as 1) Sad Isn't Bad: A Good-Grief Guidebook for Kids Dealing With Loss by Authors: Michaelene Mundy , R. W. Alley by Authors: Maria Shriver , Sandra Speidel 4) Why Do People Die' Helping Your Child Understand with Love and Cynthia MacGregor, David Clark (Illustrator) Mass Market Paperback, April 1998 "Young children may ask very direct questions about death, if given the opportunity. It is important to be honest and consistent with your responses. If they ask a question that you do not know the answer to, it is acceptable for you to say so, rather than make up an answer. Children at a very young age can detect falseness in an answer. ...
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Chinese Namesâ€Choosing a Good Mandarin Name
Chinese Names- Choosing a Good Mandarin Name Students of Mandarin usually adopt a Chinese name. There are a few reasons for this: It provides a glimpse into Chinese cultureIt makes introductions easier when visiting Chinese-speaking countriesIt provides good tonal and pronunciation practice Western names can be transcribed into Chinese, and this is often done for celebrities and politicians. Elizabeth Taylor is known in Chinese-speaking countries as yÄ « là ¬ shÄ bi ti là ¨ (ä ¼Å 莉莎ç™ ½Ã¦ ³ °Ã¥â€¹â€™). Choose a Real Name Such a name, however, is not a Chinese name, which usually consists of three characters. Many people from Mainland China use two-character names. There is an art to choosing good names, and many parents consult a fortune-teller to name their newborn child. A good name is expected to pave the way to a successful and prosperous life. Students of Mandarin don’t need to consult a fortune teller. You can ask a Chinese-speaking friend to give you a name, or you can consult a name book or use online and offline tools. Tools for Choosing Mandarin Names Whichever name you choose, it should be fairly easy to write and easy to pronounce. It’s no good if you can’t say your own name! Many of the online resources for picking Chinese names are next to useless. They usually translate a given name and don’t include a surname. But the Mandarin Tools website has a highly recommended tool for choosing a Chinese name. An offline version of this tool is available as part of DimSum Chinese Tools.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Interpersonal Communication and Competency Indicators Assignment - 2
Interpersonal Communication and Competency Indicators - Assignment Example Although it was not expressed directly but going to places like this made other people see them as noblemen. Spiritual – The manner in which the brothers treated the abandoned children in the children’s homemade them able to express their values, which in this case is their love and affection to other people are going through a lot of pains in life, just as they were when they were young. Adaptability – Living on the street with the community of homeless people especially in the winter illustrates how easily they could adapt to different environments, as well as the other experiences they had in other places. Ethics – Respecting each other’s differences and forgiving them for the things that they did that hurt others, especially ourselves. In this case, when Jeff had forgiven his father indicates his communication competency. The people who live on the street have experienced a stigma because other people look at them in a different way. In fact, according to one of them, people do not see them as a human being. The woman on the street who have experienced this stigma told about people who may even help the dogs on the street find a home for the winter, but ignore them who just have the same need. The young African-American who also lived on the street experience such stigma as people thinks he would never be able to live out of the streets. However, he believes otherwise. AIDS victim is also among those who had experienced the same stigma for people treat them differently, worse feels neglected by the society.Â
Friday, November 1, 2019
Press release critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Press release critique - Essay Example Change, variety, and diversity are critical as far as art is concerned, an aspect that makes the release vital to the academic, community, and social fraternity. Media outlets approachable with this release include, but are not limited to, online platforms, print media, and the broadcast media. This is because the highlights made in the release are appealing to the intended audience. The release is purposeful and driven by an identifiable goal to display and position â€Å"Kora†in the contemporary artwork. In this respect, the lead works because it does not only present Liou’s masterwork, but also adds variety and diversity to contemporary art. At a personal level, the release is interesting because it brings into perspective both â€Å"Kora†and Mount Kailash. While many people may not pay attention to the two, it is captivating to learn about both â€Å"Kora†and Mount Kailash with respect to the ‘State of the Art’ Show. However, the press release fails to capture personal inspiration or motivation behind Professor Liou pursuing the â€Å"Kora†from an artistic point of view. Amid this, the length of the release was appropriate because all the information presented is relevant to the subject matter. Finally, the following questions emerge after reading the
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